心肌梗死模型在心肌梗死病理发生机制、新药研发研究中占有重要地位。目前冠状动脉结扎法制作大鼠心肌梗死模型,模型稳定,操作简单,造价便宜,效果可靠,为最主要的心肌梗死造模方法,制作方法及具体操作中存在各自的优势和不足,影响着模型的进一步推广,有待继续进行改进和深入研究。

近年来的研究已经报道证实了白细胞介素-33(IL-33)及其受体ST2可以保护心衰病人因机械应力过度牵拉所导致的心肌细胞肥大、心肌纤维化的发生以及可溶性ST2受体可作为潜在的心脏机械超负荷生物标志物。而对IL-33与受体ST2在动脉粥样硬化过程中发挥的作用少有涉及。本文主要探讨的是IL-33和ST2对抑制Th1/Th2漂移从而影响到动脉粥样硬化的进展以及血浆中可溶性ST2受体蛋白升高的意义。

Recent study has reported that interleukin-33(IL-33) and its receptor ST2 could prevent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and exaggerated interstitial fibrosis which is because of the over harmful biomechanical force in patients with heart failure and soluble ST2 receptors is the potential biomarker of cardiac biomechanical overload. But few studies mentioned the sort of IL-33/ST2 complex plays a role in atherosclerosis. The purpose of this article is to explore the IL-33 and ST2 could reduce a Th1/Th2 shift. Consequently, it may improve the development of atherosclerosis and significance of soluble ST2 receptor increased in plasma.

KOA是临床上最常见,发病起源于关节软骨的慢性退行性关节疾病。近年来,应用黄芪治疗KOA的报道不断增多,并且开展了大量的机制研究。本文综述了黄芪在KOA治疗中的应用现状及研究进展,同时指出从PPAR-γ信号通路探索黄芪干预KOA的具体分子机制具有积极的理论和实践意义。

神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase, NSE)是糖酵解途径中一种重要的同工酶;特异性位于神经元和神经内分泌细胞中。小细胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)细胞浆内含有神经内分泌颗粒,具有神经内分泌分化的特征,为恶性程度高的神经内分泌系统肿瘤。因此,NSE是SCLC诊断中最敏感的肿瘤标志物,在SCLC的临床诊断、治疗、预后均有重要应用价值,科学合理联合检测肿瘤标记物,将能为临床诊疗工作提供有力的帮助。

与正常组织细胞微环境相比,肿瘤微环境具有一定的异质性,包括偏酸性、氧化还原状态失衡、存在高浓度活性氧以及酶过量表达等。根据以上肿瘤微环境特点,可设计出一系列通过各种特殊微环境响应型连接臂相连的小分子或聚合物前药纳米粒。其中,多柔比星阿霉素作为一类最常见的广谱抗肿瘤药物在治疗肿瘤的过程中发挥重要作用。文章探讨了在肿瘤微环境特异性的生理状态下针对不同微环境所设计的多柔比星前药及其释放特性等,归纳总结了肿瘤微环境响应型多柔比星前药的研究进展。

Compared with normal tissue cell microenvironment, there is some differences in tumor microenvironment, such as partial acidity, imbalance of redox state, high concentration of reactive oxygen species and cathepsin. According to the above characteristics of tumor microenvironment, a series of small molecule or polymer prodrug nanoparticles connected by various special microenvironment responsive structures can be designed. Doxorubicin, as one of the most common broad-spectrum antitumor drugs, plays an important role in the treatment of tumors. This review discusses the doxorubicin prodrug designed for different tumor microenvironments under the physiological state of tumor microenvironment specificity and their release characteristics, and summarizes the research progress of tumor microenvironment-responsive doxorubicin prodrug.

       随着糖尿病患者的增加,因肺炎住院的糖尿病患者数也呈现出明显上升趋势。由于糖代谢紊乱及机体免疫功能下降等因素,细菌在高血糖的机体环境中快速繁殖并分泌大量毒素,增加了抗菌药物使用的时间跨度和细菌清除难度,对患者预后造成了极大的威胁。文章主要对糖尿病合并细菌性肺炎患者的病原学特征、耐药情况及药物治疗等进行阐述,旨在进一步为临床预防和治疗提供参考依据。

        With the increasing incidence in diabetes, the number of hospitalized diabetes patients with pneumonia is also increasing. Due to factors such as glucose metabolism disorders and decreased immune function in the body, bacteria rapidly multiply and secrete a large amount of toxins in the hyperglycemic environment,increasing the duration of antibiotic use and the difficulty of bacterial clearance, posing a great threat to patient prognosis. This article mainly elaborates on the pathogenic characteristics, drug resistance, and drug treatment of diabetes patients with bacterial pneumonia, aiming to provide reference for the clinical prevention and treatment.

        先天性血管瘤（CH）是一种较为罕见的良性血管肿瘤，出生前瘤体已经存在，按照出生后瘤体的生长特征可分为4类：不消退型CH、部分消退型CH、快速消退型CH以及迟发性扩张型CH。不同类型的CH其临床特征及治疗方式不同。结合近年CH的研究进展报道，文章对CH的发病机制、临床特征、诊断及治疗着重进行综述，以期更好地为临床诊治提供指导。

        Congenital hemangioma（CH）is a relatively rare benign vascular tumor that is present before birth．Based on the growth characteristics of CH after birth，CH can be classified into four types：non-involuting congenital hemangioma，partially involuting congenital hemangioma，rapidly involuting congenital hemangioma，and delayed expanding congenital hemangioma．Different types of CH exhibit distinct clinical features and require different treatment approaches．This  review focuses on  recent research advances in CH，including its pathogenesis，clinical characteristics，diagnosis，and treatment，aiming to provide better guidance for clinical practice．

       无创正压通气的使用是患者发生鼻面部压力性损伤的重要原因之一，随着我国防控政策的放开，新增老年新冠感染患者急剧增加。文章对使用无创正压通气发生相关压力性损伤现状进行综述，介绍老年患者使用无创正压通气发生鼻面部压力性损伤的主要影响因素、评估方法以及预防措施现状，旨在为临床医务人员预防其相关压力性损伤提供参考。

       The use of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation is one of the important reasons for nasal and facial pressure injuries in patients．With the release of China's epidemic prevention policy，the number of new elderly patients with COVID-19 has increased dramatically．This paper summarizes the current situation of stress injuries caused by noninvasive positive pressure ventilation，introduces the main influencing factors，evaluation methods and prevention measures of nasal and facial stress injuries in elderly patients with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation，aiming to provide a reference for clinical medical personnel to prevent their related stress injuries．

        放射治疗（放疗）可以提高妇科恶性肿瘤患者的总体生存率，降低复发率，增加手术机会。但肿瘤周围的健康组织不可避免地会进入电离辐射区域从而导致阴道狭窄、缩短和失去弹性，文章结合近年来国内外的放疗后阴道损伤治疗方式进行综述，总结分析治疗的优缺点，旨在为放疗后阴道损伤的临床治疗提供帮助。

       Radiotherapy can improve the overall survival rate，reduce the  recurrence  rate and increase the chance of surgery in patients with gynecological malignant tumors．However，the healthy tissue around the tumor can inevitably be included the ionizing radiation area，resulting in vaginal stenosis，shortening and loss of elasticity．This paper reviews the treatment methods of post-radiotherapy vaginal injury at home and abroad in recent years，to summarize and analyze theadvantages and disadvantages of treatment，aiming to provide help for the clinical treatment of post-radiotherapy vaginal injury．

       受现代人们生活、饮食习惯改变、心理压力增加和睡眠质量下降等因素影响，胃食管反流病的发病率逐渐增加，对患者的工作生活和情绪造成了极大的影响。自我管理能够以患者为中心，提高患者在疾病治疗中的参与度，节约医疗资源，被广泛应用在慢性病管理中。而胃食管反流病患者的自我管理仍处于初步发展阶段，缺少科学、系统的评估工具和能够广泛实行的干预流程。文章通过对胃食管反流病患者的自我管理的概念、评估工具、干预方案等方面进行综述， 旨在为胃食管反流病患者自我管理的干预提供参考。

       As modern lifestyles and dietary habits change，psychological stress increases，and sleep quality declines，the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease（GERD）has been rising．This condition significantly impacts patients' work，daily life，and emotional well-being．Self-management，which centers on patient involvement，enhances participation in disease treatment，conserves medical resources，and is widely used in managing chronic diseases．However，self-management for GERD patients is still in its early stages，lacking scientifically systematic assessment tools and broadly applicable intervention protocols．This study reviews the concepts，assessment tools，and  intervention programs of self-management GERD patients，aiming to provide reference for the intervention of self-management of GERD patients．