腹腔镜手术后除躯体创伤疼痛,部分患者还可能经历痛苦的术后内脏痛,不仅使患者术后体验不佳,疼痛应激甚至可能加重机体的内环境紊乱,不利于患者的术后康复。内脏痛是来源于内脏器官和组织的疼痛,其产生与脏器的平滑肌痉挛、扩张、缺血、化学炎症刺激等密切相关。在这个过程中,许多离子通道和受体在调节内脏伤害性刺激信号的传导上发挥作用。目前,临床上术后镇痛治疗方案多样,但如何针对性地控制术后内脏痛是临床医生需要面对和解决的问题。为此,该文对腹腔镜术后内脏痛发生的相关机制、内脏感觉的神经传导及临床特征、治疗进展进行综述。

In addition to physical trauma,patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery may also experience postoperative visceral pain．This pain not only impacts the patient's postoperative experience,but can also worsen the body's internal environment and hinder recovery．Visceral pain originates from internal organs and tissues．It is closely related to smooth muscle spasms,dilations,ischemia,and chemical inflammatory stimulation of organs．In this process,numerous ion channels and receptors regulate the transmission of visceral nociceptive stimulus signals．At present,there are multiple clinical treatment options available for postoperative pain management．However,clinicians must overcome the challenge of controlling postoperative visceral pain．This article provides a review of the relevant mechanisms of visceral pain following laparoscopic surgery,the neural conduction of visceral sensation,clinical characteristics and treatment advancements．

Wnt/β-catenin信号通路是一种在胚胎发育,细胞增殖分化、迁移,干细胞更新等中起关键作用的蛋白质家族。Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的失调常常会导致各种严重的疾病,例如肿瘤、心脏疾病、肺部疾病、肝脏疾病、骨骼疾病、神经疾病等。大量研究表明,Wnt/β-catenin信号通路在心肌纤维化发病机制中起重要作用,本文结合最新研究成果,从心肌纤维化相关疾病的角度对Wnt/β-catenin通路进行综述,为预防心肌纤维化提供新的思路,进一步达到防治心血管疾病的目的。

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a family of proteins that play a key role in embryonic development,cell proliferation and differentiation,migration,stem cell renewal,etc．Dysfunctions of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway often lead to various serious diseases,such as tumor,heart,lung,liver,bone and neurological diseases,etc．Numerous studies have shown that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis．This article,in combination with the latest research findings,presents a review of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway from the perspective of myocardial fibrosis-related diseases,in order to provide new ideas for preventing myocardial fibrosis and achieving the goal of combating cardiovascular disease．

心血管疾病是导致我国居民死亡的首要原因。在2006—2019年间,我国每年因心血管疾病死亡的人数从215万人增加到328万人。斑马鱼因个体小、成本低廉、体外发育、身体透明、基因组与人类高度同源等特点,近年来被广泛应用于医学研究。斑马鱼模型有利于推动心血管疾病领域的基础性研究。该文通过对前期研究进行综述,重点介绍了斑马鱼模型在心血管疾病中基因筛选、心脏再生、药物筛选、毒性评估等方面的研究进展。

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in China．Between 2006 and 2019,the annual number of deaths due to cardiovascular diseases increased from 2.15 million to 3.28 million．Zebrafish has been widely used in medical research in recent years because of its small individual size,low cost,in vitro development,transparent body and high homology of genome with human．The zebrafish model is conducive to promoting basic research in the field of cardiovascular disease．Based on the review of previous studies,this paper focuses on the research progress of zebrafish model in gene screening,cardiac regeneration,drug screening,toxicity assessment and other aspects of cardiovascular diseases．

脊髓损伤是一种高致残性中枢神经系统疾病,目前缺乏有效的治疗措施。干细胞组织工程兴起和神经调控技术的发展,给脊髓损伤的治疗带来新的希望。目前,多项针对脊髓损伤的干细胞相关治疗项目的临床研究已在全球注册,干细胞疗法是脊髓损伤领域的研究热点,具有良好的应用前景。而神经调控技术一直在临床上脊髓损伤后的康复治疗中发挥着重要作用,特别是靶向神经调控技术近年在脊髓损伤治疗方面取得突破性进展。有研究尝试联合干细胞疗法和神经调控技术应用治疗脊髓损伤,试图取得更好的效果。本文综述了干细胞疗法和神经调控技术在脊髓损伤治疗中的研究进展,旨在探讨其作用效果、修复机制、应用前景以及面临的问题,进一步为脊髓损伤的基础研究和临床转化提供参考。

Spinal cord injury is a highly disabling disease of the central nervous system without effective treatment to date．With the rise of stem cell and tissue engineering,and the breakthrough of neuromodulation technology,it brings new hope to the treatment of spinal cord injury．At present,a number of clinical studies on stem cell-related treatment projects for spinal cord injury have been registered worldwide,which has become a research hotspot．Neuromodulation technology has been playing an important role in the clinical rehabilitation of spinal cord injury．Especially,breakthroughs have been made in the treatment of spinal cord injury by targeted neuromodulation technology in recent years,which is encouraging．Some studies have attempted to combine stem cell therapy and neuromodulation technology to treat spinal cord injuries in an attempt to achieve better effect．This review summarizes the research progress of stem cell therapy and neuromodulation technology in the treatment of spinal cord injury,with the aim of discussing their effect,repair mechanisms,application prospect and various problems to face,and providing further reference for the basic research and clinical transformation of spinal cord injury．

慢性炎症是心血管疾病的常见发病机制,它主要通过损伤内皮细胞、氧化应激和刺激血栓形成影响疾病发展。全身免疫炎症指数（SII）作为一种新型炎症指标,最早用于肿瘤患者的预后评估,现已在多学科领域广泛使用,它由中性粒细胞、血小板、淋巴细胞计算得到,更加全面地反映机体炎症状态。SII已经在多项研究中被证实具有良好的预测价值,该文对SII的优势和在心血管疾病的临床研究进展进行综述,为研究的进一步开展提供参考。

Chronic inflammation is a common pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease,which mainly affects disease progression by damaging endothelial cells,oxidative stress and stimulating thrombosis．As a new type of inflammatory index,the systemic immune inflammatory index（SII）was first used to evaluate the prognosis of cancer patients,and has been widely used in multidisciplinary fields．SII has been confirmed to have good predictive value in a number of studies,and this article reviews the advantages of SII and the progress of clinical research in cardiovascular diseases,so as to provide reference for further research development．

蒜氨酸为大蒜氨基酸成分,对机体无毒副作用,在体内代谢酶作用下分解成大蒜素,具有多种药理作用和广阔的临床应用前景。本文就蒜氨酸的分离提取、制剂及生物活性研究现状进行综述,以供参考。

Alliin is an amino acid component of garlic, no toxic side effects to the body. It breaks down into allicin by metabolic enzymes in the body, has a variety of pharmacological effects and broad clinical application prospects. In this paper, the isolation, extraction, preparation and biological activity of alliin were reviewed for reference.

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)是世界范围内慢性肝病的一个主要原因,约15%的NAFLD患者会发展为非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、肝纤维化、肝硬化甚至肝癌。目前其发病及进展机制尚未明确,也无有效治疗手段。因此,构建临床前NAFLD动物模型至关重要,有助于为NAFLD提供临床治疗的新方案。本文将系统分析目前已构建的NAFLD动物模型在临床前研究中的局限性,并重点总结和综述基于基因编辑在NAFLD动物模型构建中的应用及研究进展,这对于探讨NAFLD发病机制及新药研发具有重要的临床意义。

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and about 15% of NAFLD patients will develop into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the biological mechanism of the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD is not fully understood, and there are still no effective or targeted therapies for NAFLD. Therefore, it is an urgent need to construct pre-clinical animal models of NAFLD, which will help to better understand and explore the potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of NAFLD. Here, we summarize the recent advances and limitations of the established animal models of NAFLD and focus on the potential application and research progress of genome editing for constructing the animal models of NAFLD. There animal models will be very useful to reveal the pathologic mechanism of human NAFLD, and to screen new therapeutic drugs.

分泌性中耳炎（SOM）的临床特征表现为听力下降和中耳积液,与中耳化脓性炎症常伴随耳部急性感染不同,SOM常伴随耳部闷胀、轻微耳痛等,致使听力出现障碍。SOM发病机制较为复杂,可能与感染、免疫、咽鼓管功能障碍等多种因素相关,治疗方法也因此呈现出多样化的特点。本文就SOM的病因病机及其治疗方式展开综述,以期为临床及早诊断和治疗SOM提供理论依据。

The clinical characteristics of secretory otitis media（SOM）are hearing loss and effusion in the middle ear．Different from acute ear infection of suppurative inflammation in the middle ear,SOM is often accompanied by ear tightness and mild earache,resulting in hearing impairment．The pathogenesis of SOM is complex,which may be related to infection,immunity,eustachian tube dysfunction and other factors．Therefore,the treatment methods are diversified．This paper reviews the etiology,pathogenesis and treatment of SOM,in order to provide theoretical basis for clinical early diagnosis and treatment of SOM.

新生儿引起肝内胆汁淤积是由感染、遗传代谢性疾病、胃肠外营养、基因突变等各种不同病因导致胆汁形成、分泌和排泄障碍。胆汁在体内淤积会影响新生儿的生长发育,严重者出现肝纤维化、肝功能衰竭等不可逆的改变,其发病的机制涉及参与肝脏胆汁酸分泌的各种转运体、肝细胞膜转运蛋白转录和和转录后的调控等。本文归纳总结近年来国内外关于胆汁酸转运体及其转录和转录后的调控,从而为此疾病的防治提供理论依据,为将来降低其发生率和改善预后。

Neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis is caused by infection,genetic metabolic diseases,parenteral nutrition,gene mutation and other different causes leading to bile formation,secretion and excretion disorders．Bile stasis in the body will affect the growth and development of the newborn,and in severe cases,irreversible changes such as liver fibrosis and liver failure will occur．The pathogenesis of bile stasis involves various transporters involved in the secretion of bile acids in the liver,transcription and post transcription regulation of liver cell membrane transporters．In this paper,we summarized the recent studies on bile acid transporters and their transcriptional and post transcriptional regulation at home and abroad,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of this disease,and to reduce its incidence and improve its prognosis in the future.

直肠癌是全球常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,准确的影像学评估对直肠癌的诊断和治疗决策至关重要。在各种影像学检查中,磁共振成像已逐渐成为直肠癌不可或缺的检查手段,其中酰胺质子转移加权（APTw）成像是当前直肠癌磁共振成像中的一种极具发展前景的成像技术,其是通过检测病灶中内源性可移动蛋白的酰胺质子与水质子之间的交换,可以更好地在分子水平评估直肠癌病灶的蛋白质浓度、pH值、温度和代谢状态等,在直肠癌中有极大的应用潜能,有助于实现精准医疗。本文主要综述APTw成像在直肠癌中的研究进展、发展前景及尚存在的问题。

Rectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies worldwide, and accurate imaging evaluation is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of rectal cancer．In various imaging examinations, magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）has gradually become an indispensable means of rectal cancer, among which amide proton transfer-weighted（APTw）imaging is a promising imaging technology．APTw imaging is to detect the exchange between amide protons of endogenous mobile proteins in lesions and water quality particles, which can better assess the protein concentration, pH, temperature, and metabolic status of rectal cancer at the molecular level．It has great application potential in rectal cancer and contributes to precision medicine．This article mainly reviews the research progress, development prospect and remaining problems of APTw imaging in rectal cancer．