目的 利用心脏代谢指数（CMI）和轻量级梯度提升机（LightGBM）模型评估代谢综合征（MetS）患者靶器官损害风险，探究其性别特异性关联，为精准干预提供依据。方法 纳入2022年8月至2025年2月在惠州市第一人民医院住院的132例MetS患者以及健康体检者400例（即对照组，仅作为基线对比参数），以心肾损害、大血管病变为复合靶器官损害终点，选取CMI、年龄等为核心特征；构建LightGBM分类模型（70%训练集、30%测试集分层抽样），并采用100次随机拆分验证得出曲线下的面积（AUC）和95%置信区间（CI）并绘制校准曲线；以AUC评估性能，结合沙普利加性解释算法（SHAP）和偏依赖图（PDP）进行可解释性及性别分层分析。结果 基线对比显示，MetS患者CMI（6.8±2.3）高于对照组（3.2±1.1），靶器官损害（TOD）阳性率（57.6%）高于对照组（12.0%）（P均＜0.001）；LightGBM模型预测AUC达0.812，CMI为最重要预测特征（相对贡献度31.5%），且CMI与性别交互作用检验差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；CMI与靶器官损害呈非线性S形关联，风险拐点为5.7，高危平台期为7.5；女性风险加速阈值（CMI 5.0）早于男性（CMI 6.5）。结论 以健康人群为对照明确了MetS患者的高CMI水平与高TOD风险特征，LightGBM-SHAP框架明确了CMI的核心预测价值，性别特异性阈值为制定男女个性化早期干预策略提供量化指导，具有良好的临床应用潜力。

    Objective This study aims to use the cardiometabolic index（CMI）and the LightGBM model to assess the risk of target organ damage（TOD）in metabolic syndrome（MetS）patients，explore its gender-specific associations，and provide a basis for precise intervention．Methods MetS patients meeting diagnostic criteria and healthy individuals（the control group，used only as a baseline reference parameter）were enrolled．The composite endpoint of TOD was defined as cardiorenal damage and macro/microvascular lesions．Core features selected included CMI and age．A LightGBM classification model was constructed（70% training set，30% test set with stratified sampling），and 100 random splits were used for validation to generate the area under the curve（AUC） with 95% confidence interval（CI）and draw the calibration curve．Performance was assessed using AUC，combined with the SHAP algorithm and Partial Dependence Plot（PDP）for interpretability and gender-stratified analysis．Results Baseline comparison showed that the CMI level of MetS patients（6.8±2.3）was significantly higher than that of the control group（3.2±1.1），and the positive rate of TOD（57.6%）was significantly higher than that of the control group（12.0%）（both P＜0.001）．The LightGBM model achieved an AUC of 0.875 in prediction，with CMI as the most important predictive feature（relative contribution of 31.5%），and the interaction test between CMI and gender showed a significant difference（P＜0.01）．CMI showed a non-linear S-shaped association with TOD，with a risk inflection point at 5.7 and a high-risk plateau at 7.5．Significant gender differences were observed：the threshold for accelerated risk in females（CMI 5.0）was earlier than that in males（CMI 6.5）．Conclusions Using healthy individuals as controls clarifies the characteristics of high CMI levels and high TOD risk in MetS patients．The LightGBM-SHAP framework clarifies the core predictive value of CMI．The gender-specific thresholds provide quantitative guidance for formulating personalized early intervention strategies for males and females，demonstrating good potential for clinical application．

目的 以临床病例为研究对象,探讨年龄与性别对鼻咽癌自我病情延误的影响,寻找鼻咽癌科普宣教的重点靶标人群。方法 收集2015年4月—2015年12月广州医科大学附属肿瘤医院放疗科鼻咽癌病区收治的经活检病理确诊初治鼻咽癌患者62例(年龄28～77岁,中位年龄49岁),记录患者主诉症征出现至病理确诊鼻咽癌其相关症状的持续时间,采用t检验和Pearson相关分析探讨性别及年龄对鼻咽癌确诊前相关症征持续时间的影响。结果 62例患者确诊前均自我发现鼻咽癌相关症征,其中43例(69.4%)发现鼻咽原发灶相关症状,35例(56.5%)发现颈部淋巴肿大症状。Pearson相关分析显示,鼻咽癌确诊前颈部淋巴结肿大持续时间与年龄呈正相关(P＜0.05);t检验结果显示,男性患者鼻咽癌确诊前症状持续时间大于女性患者(P＜0.05)。结论 年龄较大和男性人群鼻咽癌自我病情延误较为严重,应该作为包括临床症状在内的鼻咽癌科普宣教的重点人群。

目的 分析不同性别学龄儿童行为问题影响因素,为促进儿童行为健康发展提供指导依据。方法 以儿童保健门诊就诊的学龄儿童200名,男童110例,女童90例,平均年龄为(7±15)a 为调查对象,采用儿童行为量表(CBCL)检测所有调查对象的行为问题。由男/女童父母在专业人员指导下进行问卷调查,对收集的数据使用SPSS 11.0统计软件进行资料分析。结果 本次调查中男、女童年龄差异无统计学意义,男、女童在检出儿童行为问题方面有明显的差异性(P<0.05,P<0.01)具有统计学意义。男童在强迫性、违纪方面明显高于女童,女童在抑郁、社交退缩、体诉方面高于男童。结论 儿童行为问题的发生,受多方面因素影响包括社会环境、家庭环境以及父母的教养方式,应根据男童和女童的不同行为特点,给予有效的干预让孩子的身心发展更趋稳定和健康,从而降低儿童行为问题的发生。

Objective To explore the influence factors of children's behavior problem in school-age children, and to provide the evidence for promoting healthier children's behavior. Methods The objects of our study included 200 school-aged children in health care clinic (110 boys and 90 girls ), the average age is 7(7±15)years, and we used the CBCL questionnaire to assess all the children's behavior problems. The CBCL questionnaire was finished by the parents of the children guided by the specialized investigator. The data was analyzed by the SPSS 11.0 software. Results The score of boys in compulsivity and disobey is significant higher than girls(P<0.05), and the girls have higher score in depression, social flinch and physical demands than boys(P<0.01). There is no significant difference between different genders in the age of the children. Conclusion Behavior problems of children were affected by many kinds of factors including social environment, family environment and parenting styles. We need to conduct appropriate behavior intervention according to the different behavior characteristics between boys and girls, to promote healthier children's behavior and to reduce the behavior problems of children.

目的 了解某市不同性别在职高级干部营养“知识-态度-行为”(KAP)现状及其健康状况,为开展健康教育工作提供理论依据。方法 采用整群抽样方法抽取228名在职高级干部作为调查对象,采用自行设计的问卷调查营养KAP,根据统一健康体检数据,分析两者之间的相关性。结果 某市在职高级干部男性干部与女性干部在营养知识、营养行为得分两者间有显著差异P＜0.05。营养态度得分两组间无差异P＞0.01。体检结果男性干部总体异常及脂肪肝、高脂血症和高尿酸血症发病率均显著高于女性干部,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。健康状况得分8.27±1.57分(满分10分),与营养KAP得分有明显正相关关系(r＝0.481,P＜0.01)。结论 某市不同性别在职高级干部营养知识水平有待提高,营养态度良好,饮食行为不够合理,应采用多种方式进行营养健康指导,增强自我保健意识,提高整体健康水平。

目的 了解广东省某区级三甲综合医院住院老年人慢性非传染性疾病(慢非病)疾病谱及性别差异随年度推移的变化。方法 回顾性分析南方医科大学附属南海医院2006—2014年老年人出院资料。结果 住院老年人疾病谱中名列前位的疾病除了肺炎、急性胃肠道疾病,余为慢非病。慢非病比例逐年下降(65.8%~57.8%, P<0.01),疾病谱明显变化:脑血管疾病由第一位占21.3%降至17.0%居第二,恶性肿瘤从10.4%升至18.8%居第一。性别有差异:男性慢阻肺和恶性肿瘤的构成比多于女性;慢非病比非慢非病、男性比女性慢非病的人均住院总费用高(P<0.05)。结论 总结9年来南海区三甲综合医院住院诊治的慢非病居高及攀升病种、性别差异,制定措施优化医疗资源配置、减轻社会经济负担。

Objective To analyze the alteration of disease distribution and gender-differences of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) in hospitalized elderly from a large Comprehensive Hospital of Guangdong province. Methods Retrospective observational study including profile of discharged elderly in Nanhai hospital attached to Southern medical university from the year 2006 to 2014. Results In the top rank of diseases in hospitalized elderly, all were NCDs other than pneumonia and acute gastrointestinal diseases. The proportion of NCD accounted for all hospitalized elderly was reduced year by year, changed from 65.8% to 57.8%, P<0.01. Disease distribution of NCD altered obviously, showing that cerebrovascular disease (CVD) decreased from the first 21.3% to the second 17.0%, malignancy increased from 10.4% to 18.8% ranking as the first. Gender-differences did exist. Greater constituent ratio of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and malignancy were found in men than women yearly. NCD showed higher hospitalized expenses than non-NCD per capita, that of men were higher than women (P<0.05). Conclusion Summarizing the top and increasing rank of NCD and gender-differences in hospitalized elderly in a large comprehensive hospital, Nanhai district, Foshan city of 9 years, policy and program could be guided to optimize the distribution of medical resources and try to reduce the output of social economic burden.