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广州医药杂志服务号
论著

支气管镜灌洗对儿童重症肺部感染合并肺实变的应用效果及对 CT 特征、肺功能影响

Application effects of bronchoalveolar lavage in children with severe pulmonary infection complicated by lung consolidation and its impact on CT features and pulmonary function

:951-956
 
       目的   探讨支气管镜灌洗用于儿童重症肺部感染合并肺实变的治疗效果及对CT特征、肺功能的影响。法   选取2022年5月—2024年5月铜仁市人民医院收治的100例重症肺部感染合并肺实变患儿开展前瞻性研究,应用随机数表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各50例。对照组患儿采取常规治疗,观察组则采取常规治疗加支气管镜灌洗治疗。对比其临床疗效,治疗前后炎症因子、CT特征及肺功能变化。结果   观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后观察组患儿白细胞计数(10.36±2.52)×109 /L、白细胞介素-6(20.57±5.05)ng/L、C反应蛋白(13.12±2.64)mg/L、降钙素原(101.62±12.16)pg/L均低于对照组白细胞计数(13.25±3.32)×109 /L、白细胞介素-6(31.69±4.11)ng/L、C反应蛋白(16.16±4.44)mg/L、降钙素原(113.46±18.11)pg/L(P<0.05);治疗后两组患儿胸腔积液、支气管壁增厚、空气支气管征、肺部实变、磨玻璃影等相关CT影像特征占比下降,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组患儿呼气流量峰值水平均升高,观察组(90.67±18.45)L/s高于对照组(81.27±17.69)L/s,用力肺活量水平均更高,观察组(3.33±0.68)L高于对照组(2.68±0.25)L(P<0.05)。结论   针对儿童重症肺部感染合并肺实变,在常规治疗基础上增加支气管镜灌洗可提升临床疗效,减轻机体炎症反应,改善胸部CT各种表现及肺功能。
        Objective  To explore the therapeutic effects of bronchoalveolar lavage in children with  severe pulmonary infection complicated by lung consolidation and its impact on CT features and pulmonary function.Methods A prospective study was conducted on 100 children with severe pulmonary infection complicated with pulmonary consolidation in a hospital from May 2022 to May 2024.They were randomly divided into observation group and control group using a random number table method,50 cases in each group.The control group of children received routine treatment,and the observation group received conventional treatment plus bronchoalvelar lavage.Clinical efficacy,inflammatory factors,CT features,and alterations in pulmonary function before and after therapy were compared.Results  The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the white blood cell count(10.36±2.52)×109 /L,interleukin-6(20.57±5.05)ng/L,C-reactive protein(13.12±2.64)mg/L,and procalcitonin(101.62±12.16)pg/L in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group(13.25±3.32)×109 /L,interleukin-6(31.69±4.11)ng/L,C-reactive protein(16.16±4.44)mg/L,and procalcitonin(113.46±18.11)pg/L(P<0.05).After treatment,the proportion of CT imaging features such as pleural effusion,bronchial wall thickening,air bronchogram sign,lung consolidation,ground glass opacities,decreased in both groups of children,and the observation group was lower than the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the peak levels of expiratory flow in both groups of children increased,with the observation group(90.67±18.45)L/s higher than the control group(81.27±17.69)L/s.The forced vital capacity levels were also higher,with the observation group(3.33±0.68)L higher than the control group(2.68±0.25)L(P<0.05).Conclusions  Adding bronchoalvelar lavage to routine treatment for children with severe pulmonary infection complicated with pulmonary consolidation can improve their clinical efficacy,alleviate inflammatory reactions,and improve various chest CT manifestations and lung function.
论著

钝性分离扩皮法与常规扩皮法在乳腺癌术后患者 PICC 置管中的应用效果

Application effect of blunt separating skin expansion and conventional skin expansion in PICC catheterization for patients with breast cancer after operation

:798-803
 
       目的  对比分析钝性分离扩皮法与常规扩皮法对乳腺癌术后患者经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(PICC)置管应用效果。方法  选取2022年4月—2024年4月在天津肿瘤医院空港医院接受治疗的120例乳腺癌术后PICC置管患者,依据随机数字表法进行分组处理。对照组60例给予常规扩皮法,观察组60例给予钝性分离扩皮法,对比两组患者扩皮结果。结果  观察组患者满意度为96.67%,对照组患者满意度为86.67%(χ 2 =3.927,P=0.048);观察组患者的穿刺点血液浸湿面积分别为穿刺后即刻(0.87±0.14)cm2 、1 d后(4.89±0.94)cm2 以及3 d后(0.21±0.05)cm2 ,均低于对照组的(2.74±0.63)(9.89±2.04)(0.44±0.12)cm2 ,对比差异有统计学意义(t=22.444、17.243、13.704,P<0.05);观察组患者一次性送鞘成功率为98.33%,对照组患者一次性送鞘成功率为88.33%,观察组高于对照组(χ 2 =4.821,P=0.028);扩皮前两组患者的VAS评分无差异(P>0.05),扩皮后两组患者的VAS评分均降低,且观察组(1.75±0.54)分低于对照组(3.89±1.22)分,对比差异有统计学意义(t=12.425,P<0.001);观察组患者不良事件发生率为5.00%,对照组患者不良事件发生率为16.67%,观察组患者不良事件发生率低于对照组(χ 2 =4.227,P<0.05)。结论  钝性分离扩皮法能够降低穿刺点血液浸湿面积及不良事件发生率,提高一次性送鞘成功率,减轻患者疼痛感,提高患者满意度。
       Objective  To analyze the effect of blunt separating skin expansion and conventional skin expansion in PICC catheterization of patients after breast cancer surgery.Methods  From April 2022 to April 2024,120 patients with postoperative PICC catheterization for breast cancer were selected and grouped according to the random number table method.Sixty patients in the control group received conventional skin expansion,and 60 patients in the observation group  received blunt separation skin expansion,which the results of the two groups were compared.Results  The patient satisfaction was 96.67% in the observation group,86.67% in the control group(χ 2 =3.927,P=0.048,P<0.05).In the observation group,the blood immersion area after catheterization,after 1 d and 3 d were(0.87±0.14),(4.89±0.94),(0.21±0.05)cm2 ,lower than those of the control group [(2.74±0.63)(9.89±2.04)(0.44±0.12)cm2 ],the comparative difference was statistically significant(t=22.444,17.243,13.704,P<0.05).The success rate of disposable sheath delivery in the observation group was 98.33%,which was higher than 88.33% in the control group(χ 2 =4.821,P=0.028<0.05).There was no difference in VAS scores between the two groups before the intervention(P>0.05),VAS scores decreased in both groups after the intervention,the score of the observation group(1.75±0.54)was lower than that of the control group(3.89±1.22),the difference was statistically significant(t=12.425,P<0.001).The incidence of adverse events in the observation group was 5.00%,and in the control group was 16.67%,which difference was significant(χ 2 =4.227,P<0.05).Conclusions  Blunt separating skin expansion can  reduce the area of blood immersion and the incidence of adverse events,improve the success rate of disposable sheath delivery,reduce patient pain,improve patient satisfaction,and have significant clinical application value.
论著

功能性经口摄食分级的吞咽管理对高龄吞咽障碍患者的应用效果

Application effect of Functional Oral Intake Scale swallowing management on elderly patients with swallowing disorders

:775-781
 
       目的  探讨功能性经口摄食分级的吞咽管理对高龄吞咽障碍患者的应用效果。方法  选取2022年5月—2024年5月暨南大学附属广州市红十字会医院收治的80例高龄吞咽障碍患者作为研究对象,应用随机数字表法将其分为观察组与对照组,各40例。对照组患者实施常规干预,观察组实施功能性经口摄食分级的吞咽管理干预,对比两组患者干预效果、干预前后的吞咽功能与营养状况、吞咽障碍相关并发症发生率,以及干预前后两组生活质量变化。结果  观察组总有效率为92.50%,高于对照组的72.50%(χ 2 =5.541,P=0.019);两组干预后综合性营养评估法(SGA)、进食评估问卷调查工具-10(EAT-10)评分均降低,且观察组[(6.62±1.24)(15.26±3.42)分]低于对照组[(10.85±2.32)(23.51±4.37)分],对比差异有统计学意义(t分别为10.170、9.403,P<0.05);观察组吞咽障碍相关并发症发生率17.50%低于对照组42.50%(χ 2 =5.952,P=0.015);两组干预后生活质量综合评定量表(GQOLI-74)相关维度物质评分均升高,且观察组患者GQOLI-74相关维度物质生活(16.62±2.24)、心理功能(18.26±4.42)分、社会功能(21.62±3.66)分、躯体功能(23.26±4.37)分均高于对照组[(13.25±3.32)(13.51±2.37)(15.26±2.35)(16.62±3.73)]分,对比差异有统计学意义(t分别为5.322、5.990、9.248、7.309,P<0.05)。结论  功能性经口摄食分级的吞咽管理对高龄吞咽障碍患者干预效果显著,且可提升其吞咽功能,改善营养状况,同时可辅助降低吞咽障碍相关并发症发生率,提高患者生活质量。
       Objective  To explore the application effect of Functional Oral Intake Scale(FOIS)swallowing management on elderly patients with swallowing disorders.Methods  A total of 80 elderly patients with dysphagia admitted to the Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University from May 2022 to May 2024 were selected as research subjects.They were divided into an observation group and a control group,with 40 cases in each group,using a random number table method.The control group received routine intervention,while the observation group received FOIS swallowing management intervention.The intervention effects were compared between the two groups,including pre and post intervention,swallowing function and nutritional status,incidence of swallowing related complications,and changes in quality of life before and after the intervention.Results  The total effective rate of the observation group was 92.50%,which was higher than the 72.50% of control group(χ 2 =5.541,P=0.019).After the intervention,the comprehensive nutrition assessment(SGA)and the feeding assessment instrument-10(EAT-10)were decreased,and the observation group ([6.62±1.24]and[15.26±3.42]) were lower than the control group ([10.85±2.32]and[23.51±4.37]),and the comparative difference was statistically significant(t=10.170,9.403,P<0.05).The incidence of complications related to swallowing disorders in the observation group was 17.50%,lower than that in the control group was 42.50%(χ 2 =5.952,P=0.015).After intervention,the scores of GQOLI-74 related dimensions were increased in both groups.In addition,GQOLI-74 related dimensions of material life(16.62±2.24)scores,psychological function(18.26±4.42)scores,social function(21.62±3.66)scores,physical function(23.26±4.37)scores in observation group were higher than those in control group ([13.25±3.32],[13.51±2.37],[15.26±2.35],[16.62±3.73]),and the difference was statistically significant(t=5.322,5.990,9.248,7.309,P<0.05).Conclusions  The swallowing management of FOIS has a significant intervention effect on elderly patients with swallowing disorders,and can improve their swallowing function,nutritional status,and assist in reducing the incidence of swallowing disorder related complications,thereby improving the quality of life of patients.
论著

不同的复苏方式对感染性休克患者的应用效果

The application effect of different resuscitation methods on patients with septic shock

:675-680
 
       目的   探讨碳酸氢钠林格液联合乳酸靶向复苏对感染性休克患者的应用效果。方法   选取中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九八八医院2019年1月—2023年12月收治的80例感染性休克患者,应用随机数字表法将其分为观察组与对照组,均为40例。对照组患者采用复方氯化钠溶液进行液体复苏,观察组患者采用碳酸氢钠林格液联合乳酸靶向复苏。对比两组患者复苏前与复苏后24 h的静脉血氧饱和度(SvO2)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心脏指数(CI)、心率(HR)等相关生命体征变化,血乳酸、pH值、血钠(Na+ )、血氯(Cl- )、碳酸氢根离子(HCO3-)水平变化,对比两组患者症状体征消失时间、意识恢复时间、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、总住院时间及预后不良情况与并发症发生率。结果   复苏后两组SvO2、MAP、CI均升高,且观察组的SvO2为(73.62±6.24)%,MAP为(75.26±11.42)mmHg,CI为(3.62±0.66)min/m2 ,均高于对照组的(66.85±8.32)%、(68.51±8.37)mmHg 和(3.16±0.35)min/m2 ,而HR均降低,其中观察组为(113.26±12.37)次/分,低于对照组的(122.62±12.73)次/分,比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.117,P<0.001;t=3.015,P=0.003;t=3.894,P<0.001;t=3.335,P<0.001)。复苏后两组血乳酸、Cl- 均降低,pH值、Na+ 、HCO3-均升高,观察组血乳酸为(1.46±0.52)mmol/L,低于对照组的(2.25±0.32)mmol/L,比较差异有统计学意义(t=8.183,P<0.001),但两组pH值、Na+ 、Cl- 、HCO3-水平对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组症状体征消失时间为(2.34±0.58)d、意识恢复时间为(1.15±0.27)d、机械通气时间为(5.82±1.08)d、ICU住院时间为(11.85±2.28)d、总住院时间为(23.15±4.26)d,均低于对照组的(3.54±0.72)(2.95±0.34)(10.35±2.12)(15.12±3.23)(27.24±6.37)d,比较差异有统计学意义(t=8.209,P<0.001;t=26.221,P<0.001;t=12.042,P<0.001;t=5.231,P<0.001;t=3.376,P<0.001)。观察组多器官功能障碍综合征、肺水肿、脑水肿、再次休克、死亡等不良预后发生率低于对照组(7.50% vs32.50%;χ 2 =7.810,P=0.005)。结论   碳酸氢钠林格液联合乳酸靶向复苏可稳定感染性休克患者生命体征,降低乳酸水平,改善患者预后,缩短住院时间,且能够辅助降低患者不良预后发生率。
       Objective  To explore the application effect of sodium bicarbonate Ringer’s solution combined with lactate targeted resuscitation on patients with septic shock.Methods  A total of  80  patients with  septic  shock admitted to the  988 Hospital,Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army from January 2019 to December 2023 were selected and divided into observation group and control group by random number table method,with 40 cases in both groups.The control group was treated with compound sodium chloride solution for liquid resuscitation,and the observation group was treated with sodium bicarbonate Ringer’s solution combined with lactic acid for targeted resuscitation.The changes in SvO2,MAP,CI,HR,as well as changes in blood lactate,pH,Na+ ,Cl- ,and HCO3- levels were compared between two groups of patients before and 24 hours after resuscitation.The time for symptom disappearance,consciousness recovery,mechanical ventilation,and ICU hospitalization were compared between the two groups of patients,as well as total length of hospital stay,poor prognosis,and incidence of complications.Results  That the SvO2,MAP,and CI were elevated in both groups after resuscitation,and of the observation group (SvO2[73.62±6.24]%,MAP[75.26±11.42]mmHg,CI[3.62±0.66]min/m2 )was  higher than that of the control group ([66.85±8.32]%,[68.51±8.37]mmHg,[3.16±0.35]min/m2 ),the HR was decreased in all cases,the observation group(113.26±12.37)times/min was lower than the control group(122.62±12.73)times/min,the difference was statistically significant(t=4.117,P<0.001;t=3.015,P=0.003;t=3.894,P<0.001;t=3.335,P<0.001).After resuscitation,both groups blood lactate and Cl-  were decased,pH value,Na+ ,and HCO3- increased,and the observation group blood lactate(1.46±0.52)mmol/L was lower than the control group(2.25±0.32)mmol/L,the difference was statistically significant(t=8.183,P<0.001).But the comparison of pH value,Na+ ,Cl- ,and HCO3- levels between the two groups was not different(P>0.05).Time of disappearance(2.34±0.58)d,time of consciousness(1.15±0.27)d,time of mechanical ventilation(5.82±1.08)d,length of ICU stay(11.85±2.28)d and total length of stay([23.15±4.26]d,[3.54±0.72]d,[2.95±0.34]d,[10.35±2.12]d,[15.12±3.23]d,[27.24±6.37]d),the difference was statistically significantt=8.209,P<0.001,t=26.221,P<0.001,t=12.042,P<0.001;t=5.231,P<0.001;t=3.376,P<0.001).The incidence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,pulmonary edema,cerebral edema,reshock,and death in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(7.50% vs 32.50%;χ 2 =7.810,P=0.005,P<0.05).Conclusions  The combination of sodium bicarbonate Ringer’s solution and lactate targeted  resuscitation can improve the vital signs of septic shock patients,reduce lactate levels,significantly improve patient prognosis,shorten hospital stay,and assist in reducing the incidence of complications and mortality.
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