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《广州医药》编辑部
目的 探讨神经元型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)在抑制剂N-硝基-左旋精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME)抑制作用下与新生鼠胃肠道疾病的相关性研究,以进一步研究婴儿肥厚性幽门狭窄(IHPS)等疾病的致病机制。方法 对40只成熟雌性wistar大鼠随机均分4组,怀孕后予怀孕母鼠灌胃,对照组给予生理盐水,低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组分别给予L-NAME 60、300、600 mg/(kg·d)L-NAME。新生鼠皮下注射方式,予对照组皮下注射生理盐水,在低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组皮下注射L-NAME 25、125、250 mg/(kg·d)L-NAME。统计分析新生鼠幽门中的nNOS表达量、体质量增长情况、胃潴留情况、幽门肌层厚度。结果 (1)低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组新生鼠幽门肌层厚度在出生后第1、7、14日龄高于对照组,但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)与对照组相比,低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组的新生鼠出生后第1周体质量增加量更少,胃潴留更明显(P>0.05);在出生后的第2周各组体质量增加量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)新生鼠出生后第14天,中剂量组的胃体积大于低剂量组,但低剂量组和对照组之间、中剂量组和高剂量组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(4)新生鼠生后第1天,幽门中nNOS的表达被L-NAME以剂量依赖的方式被抑制,随着新生鼠日龄的增长,这种效应逐渐消失。(5)在不同剂量L-NAME的作用下,新生鼠幽门中nNOS表达量、趋势在不同时间点不同。结论 (1)nNOS可以导致新生鼠胃潴留、幽门梗阻,与IHPS相关症状之间存在相关性,但可能不是IHPS病因的唯一分子机制。(2)在新生鼠胃、幽门组织中,nNOS的表达量可以通过负反馈调节机制调节。(3)nNOS表达量上调可能有助于幽门舒张,但可能无法完全逆转IHPS中幽门的进一步肥厚和阻塞。
Objective To explore the effect of nNOS on the early postnatal pylorus of neonatal rats under the inhibition of the inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride(L-NAME),in order to further investigate the pathogenic mechanism of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis(IHPS).Methods Pregnant female mice were grouped randomly and administered by gavage,with the control group receiving physiological saline,the low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups receiving different doses of L-NAME.For the neonatal rats,the control group was subcutaneously injected with physiological saline,while the low-dose group,medium-dose group,and high-dose group were subcutaneously injected with different doses of L-NAME.The expression of nNOS in the pylorus,weight gain,gastric retention,and pyloric muscle thickness of newborn rats were statistically analyzed.Results (1) The thickness of the pyloric muscle layer in the low-dose group,medium-dose group,and high-dose group of newborn rats was higher than that in the control group on the 1st,7th,and 14th day after birth,but there was no significant difference.(2)Compared with the control group,the neonatal rats in the low-dose group,the middle-dose group and the high-dose group gained less weight in the first week after birth,and the gastric retention was more significant.There was no significant difference in weight gain among the groups in the second week after birth.(3)On the 14th day after birth,the gastric volume of the medium-dose group was larger than that of the low-dose group,but there was no statistical difference between the low-dose group and the control group,or between the medium-dose group and the high-dose group.(4)On the first day after birth,the expression of nNOS in the pylorus of neonatal rats was significantly inhibited by L-NAME with dose-dependence,and this effect gradually disappeared with increasing age of neonatal rats.(5) Under the action of different doses of L-NAME,the expression level and trend of nNOS in the pylorus of neonatal mice vary at different time points.Conclusions (1) nNOS can cause gastric retention and pyloric obstruction in newborn rats,which is related to IHPS related symptoms,but may not be the only molecular mechanism of IHPS etiology.(2) The expression level of nNOS in the pyloric tissue of newborn mice can be regulated through a negative feedback regulatory mechanism.(3) Upregulation of nNOS expression may contribute to pyloric dilation,but may not completely reverse thickening and obstruction of the pylorus in IHPS.
目的 探讨白蛋白-胆红素(ALBI)联合中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)预测肝硬化合并食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血(EGVB)的临床价值。方法 回顾性分析2021年1月—2022年12月肇庆市第一人民医院消化内科收治的80例肝硬化合并EGVB患者的临床资料,通过电话及门诊、再入院对其进行为期1年的随访,根据随访结果,将其分为2组,即存活组(n=69)与死亡组(n=11),分析导致患者死亡的危险因素,并评估ALBI联合NLR预测肝硬化合并EGVB患者死亡的临床价值。结果 死亡组的年龄60岁以上、腹水和肝性脑病者占比,总胆红素(TBiL)、NLR、凝血酶原时间(PT)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)水平及ALBI评分均高于存活组(均P<0.05),而血红蛋白(HGB)、白蛋白(ALB)及血钠水平均低于存活组(均P<0.05);Logtisic回归分析显示,年龄60岁以上、腹水、肝性脑病和TBiL、NLR水平升高及ALBI分级为3级是肝硬化合并EGVB患者死亡的危险因素(均P<0.05);ALBI联合NLR预测肝硬化合并EGVB患者预后的准确率及灵敏度高于单一诊断,漏诊率低于单一诊断(P<0.05)。结论 肝硬化合并EGVB患者可见ALBI评分及NLR水平升高,而以上两种指标是患者死亡的危险因素,将其联合检测可评估患者预后,预测其死亡风险。
Objective To investigate the clinical value of albumin-bilirubin(ALBI)combined with neutrophil lymphocyte ratio(NLR)in predicting liver cirrhosis complicated with esophageal and gastric varices bleeding(EGVB).Methods The clinical data of 80 patients with liver cirrhosis complicated with EGVB admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology of the First People’s Hospital of Zhaoqing from January 2021 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.They were followed up for one year by telephone,outpatient service and readmission.According to the follow-up results,they were divided into the survival group(n=69)and the death group(n=11).The risk factors leading to the death of patients were analyzed and evaluated.Results The proportion of age over 60,ascites and hepatic encephalopathy,the levels of TBiL,NLR,PT,ALT and ALBI in the death group were higher(P<0.05),while the levels of HGB,ALB and blood sodium were lower(P<0.05).Logistics analysis showed that age over 60,ascites,hepatic encephalopathy,NLR and ALBI grade 3 were independent risk factors for the death(P<0.05).The accuracy and sensitivity of ALBI combined with NLR in predicting their prognosis were significantly higher than that of single diagnosis,and the missed diagnosis rate was lower(P<0.05).Conclusions ALBI scores and NLR levels significantly increase in patients with liver cirrhosis complicated with EGVB,and the above two indexes are risk factors for the death,and the combination of them can evaluate the prognosis of patients and predict the death risk.