乳腺癌（BC）发病率持续上升，已成为严重威胁公共健康的重大挑战，转移仍是导致患者死亡的主要原因。目前，切除肿瘤并辅以放化疗后仍有较大几率发生转移。此外，早期转移隐匿性强，干预措施不完善及耐药发生迅速均是预后不良的重要因素。细胞外囊泡（EVs）是由细胞释放的、具有膜结构的纳米级颗粒，是细胞间通讯的重要介质。EVs通过转运膜性组分、胞质蛋白及核酸等，调控乳腺癌的发生、进展及转移定植，其来源异质性决定了其在乳腺癌转移中发挥独特作用。本文重点总结了不同来源EVs作为液体活检标志物在转移预警中的价值，以及靶向EVs分泌或阻断其通讯网络在克服免疫治疗耐药中的潜在临床应用，以期为临床医生提供有价值的诊疗参考。

     The incidence of breast cancer（BC） continues to rise and has become a major public health challenge．Metastasis remains the principal cause of BC-related mortality．Currently，there remains a high probability of metastasis even after surgical tumor resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy．The insidious nature of early metastasis，inadequate intervention strategies，and rapid development of drug resistance are all critical factors contributing to poor prognosis．Extracellular vesicles（EVs） are membrane-enclosed，nanoscale particles released by cells．As mediators of intercellular communication，EVs transfer membrane components，cytosolic proteins，and nucleic acids to recipient cells，thereby modulating BC initiation，progression，and metastatic dissemination．The heterogeneity of EV origins determines their distinct roles in breast cancer metastasis．This review focuses on summarizing the value of EVs from different sources as liquid biopsy biomarkers for metastasis warning，as well as their potential clinical applications in targeting EV secretion or blocking their communication networks to overcome immunotherapy resistance，aiming to provide valuable diagnostic and therapeutic references for clinicians．