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目的 探讨不同附着体类型对上颌种植覆盖义齿修复患者种植体周围软硬组织健康状况的影响。方法 选取2020年1月—2023年12月于南京医科大学附属口腔医院就诊并接受上颌种植覆盖义齿修复的90例患者,根据所用附着体类型分为杆卡组(n=30)、球帽组(n=30)和Locator组(n=30)。戴用后随访12个月,比较三组种植体周围探诊深度(PD)、探诊出血(BOP)、菌斑指数(PLI)、牙龈指数(GI)、边缘骨吸收(MBL)等指标,并记录机械并发症发生情况。结果 佩戴12个月后,杆卡组在PD[(3.25±0.41) mm vs (3.58±0.50) mm,校正后P<0.016 7]、PLI(1.25±0.38 vs 1.55±0.44,校正后P<0.016 7)、GI(1.15±0.35 vs 1.37±0.42,校正后P<0.016 7)及MBL[(0.38±0.11) mm vs (0.63±0.14) mm,校正后P<0.016 7]方面的表现均优于Locator组;球帽组PLI(1.42±0.41 vs 1.55±0.44,校正后P<0.016 7)、GI(1.28±0.39 vs 1.37±0.42,校正后P<0.016 7)低于Locator组;三组间BOP阳性率两两比较差异均无统计学意义(校正后P>0.016 7)。三组机械并发症总发生率的总体差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),进一步两两比较显示,杆卡组并发症发生率最低(16.67%),Locator组最高(50.00%)(校正后P<0.016 7)。结论 对于上颌种植覆盖义齿修复,杆卡式附着体在维持种植体周围软硬组织健康、减少边缘骨吸收及降低机械并发症方面表现出相对优势,临床适用性较高。
Objective To investigate the effects of different attachment types on the health of peri-implant soft and hard tissues in patients rehabilitated with maxillary implant-supported overdentures.Methods A total of 90 patients who received maxillary implant-supported overdentures at the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2020 and December 2023 were selected and divided into three groups based on the attachment type:bar-clip group(n=30),ball attachment group(n=30),and Locator group(n=30).After prosthesis delivery,patients were followed up for 12 months.Parameters including probing depth(PD),bleeding on probing(BOP),plaque index(PLI),gingival index(GI),and marginal bone loss(MBL)were compared among the groups,and mechanical complications were recorded.Results At 12 months after delivery,the bar-clip group demonstrated significantly better performance in PD([3.25±0.41]mm vs [3.58±0.50]mm,adjusted P<0.016 7),PLI([1.25±0.38] vs [1.55±0.44],adjusted P<0.016 7),GI([1.15±0.35] vs [1.37±0.42],adjusted P<0.016 7),and MBL([0.38±0.11]mm vs [0.63±0.14]mm,adjusted P<0.016 7)compared to the Locator group.The ball attachment group showed significantly lower PLI([1.42±0.41] vs [1.55±0.44],adjusted P<0.016 7)and GI([1.28±0.39] vs [1.37±0.42],adjusted P<0.016 7)values than the Locator group.No statistically significant difference was observed in BOP positive rates among the three groups in pairwise comparisons(adjusted P>0.016 7).The overall difference in the total incidence of mechanical complications among the three groups was statistically significant(P<0.05),and further pairwise comparisons showed that the bar-clip group had the lowest incidence(16.67%),while the Locator group had the highest(50.00%)(adjusted P<0.016 7).Conclusions For maxillary implant-supported overdentures,bar-clip attachments demonstrate relative advantages in maintaining peri-implant soft and hard tissue health,reducing marginal bone loss,and minimizing mechanical complications,suggesting good clinical applicability.
目的 分析上颌唇侧倒置埋伏中切牙患者正畸矫治后埋伏牙牙根吸收影响因素。方法 选取2017年8月—2021年5月我院正畸科上颌唇侧倒置埋伏中切牙患者1 542例,统计上颌唇侧倒置埋伏中切牙患者正畸矫治后埋伏牙及牙根吸收发生情况,并进行单因素多因素分析。结果 1 542例上颌唇侧倒置埋伏中切牙患者正畸矫治后共出现埋伏牙186例,其中男102例、女84例,出现埋伏牙1颗最多,占比65.05%,年龄以12~18岁居多,单侧埋伏牙157例(84.41%),双侧埋伏牙29例(15.59%),埋伏牙位置为斜位81例(43.55%),倒置47例25.27%,平行42例(22.58%),水平16例(8.60%);186例正畸矫治后出现埋伏牙的患者中,发生牙根吸收患者75例,发生率为40.32%;出现牙根吸收的患者埋伏牙位置为颌骨中间占比高于未发生牙根吸收患者,近远中分区0~1区占比、年龄均小于未发生牙根吸收患者(P<0.05);埋伏牙位置(颌骨中间)、近远中分区(0~1区)、年龄(低)是上颌唇侧倒置埋伏中切牙患者正畸矫治后埋伏牙牙根吸收的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 上颌唇侧倒置埋伏中切牙患者正畸矫治后埋伏牙发生情况不容乐观,主要为12~18岁的患者为主,且多为单发,牙根吸收发生率较高,主要影响因素包括埋伏牙位置、近远中分区、年龄,临床应根据患者实际情况合理选择治疗方案。
目的 分析上颌前部埋伏牙诊断中锥形束CT(CBCT)的应用价值,以期提升疾病诊出率和定位准确率,继而提高治疗有效性。方法 分析2021年1月—2022年7月间于我院口腔门诊进行检查的150例阻生齿患者基本资料,对患者实施口腔锥形束CT检查,进行定位分型。结果 150例患者中阻生牙率100%,其中存在埋伏牙20例,占比13.33%。所有埋伏牙均经CBCT 扫描准确确定了牙体大小、埋伏牙形态、埋伏深度、萌出方向、与相邻齿的位置关系等,为临床医师提供了准确图像参考;共有上颌前部埋伏牙21颗,包括左上颌埋伏牙9颗、右上颌埋伏牙12颗。结论 CBCT检测能够极大提升埋伏牙检测定位的准确性,为医师提供准确影像学参考,以此制定针对性手术方案,在保证治疗效果的同时提升手术安全性,避免一系列并发症的发生,可在埋伏牙阻生齿诊断及治疗中进行推广使用。